Industry Terminology
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z
'A' Valve
A manual gas shut-off valve.
Absolute Pressure
Atmospheric pressure added to gauge pressure.
Absorption Field
A leeching or seeping field engineered to receive septic tank effluent.
Access Panel
A covered opening that allows access to service a plumbing system
Acrylic
Thermo-plastic used on surface of shower walls / bathtubs / whirlpools
Adaptor
A fitting that joins two different types of pipe together, or joins threaded to
non-threaded pipe ends.
Aeration
The turbulent mixing of water and air to dissipate pollutants into the air
Aerator
A device attached to the end of a faucet that mixes air into flowing water
Air Admittance Valve
A device that replaces a traditional vent to allow air to enter the pipe and
equalize pressure, preserving the seal of water in the fixture trap.
Air Chamber
A vertical, air-filled pipe or spring coil, set above the water line to absorb
pressure when water is turned off at the faucet
Air Check
A device that allows water, but not air, to pass through it. An air check is a
typical component in treatment systems using a regenerant eductor.
Air Elimination Vent
A device which automatically eliminates trapped air in the "closed-loop"
hydronic system
Air Gap
A device mounted at the back of a kitchen sink, connecting to the drain line
between a dishwasher and disposer to allow the dishwasher to discharge freely
into the disposer while preventing contaminated water from siphoning back into
the dishwasher.
Air Lock
Blockage liquid flow of liquid (i.e. on suction side of pump) caused by an air
bubble in the line.
Alarm Check Valve
A check valve located in the riser of a wet pipe fire sprinkler system that
sounds an alarm when water begins to pass through it.
Anaerobic
The ability to live and grow without air or free oxygen (i.e. some forms of
bacteria that break down waste in a septic system.)
Angle Discharge Tube
A discharge tube that changes direction of the flow by 90°.
Angle Stop
A shutoff valve between water pipes and a faucet. The inlet connects to the
water-supply pipe in a wall, the outlet angles up 90° to the faucet
Anode Rod
A sacrificial rod installed in a water heater. It is composed of one or more
metals that protect the tank from corrosion and extend tank life.
Anti-Clog Suction
Whirlpool water recirculating system mechanism that prevents clogging but
doesn't restrict water flow.
Anti-Scald Valve
A shower mixing valve that automatically maintains balance between incoming hot
and cold water supplies by immediately regulating fluctuations in pressure. As a
result, temperature remains constant, though the outlet pressure may drop
Anti-Siphon
Preventive device for back-flow of liquid such as on sprinkler systems to
prevent water from trickling back into the feed supply.
Apron
The apron (or skirting) is a decorative portion of a bathtub covering the
rough-in area from the floor to the top rim of the tub.
Aquastat
A thermostat that is submerged in water. It is used to control operation of a
specific device
Aspiration
The process of mixing air with discharging water to enhance the hydro-massage
effect of a whirlpool.
Auto Pilot
A gas pilot device that automatically shuts off gas supply to the appliance
burner if the pilot flame is extinguished.
BTU
British thermal unit. The standard of measurement used to guage the amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree
(Fahrenheit).
Back Flow
The act of water traveling from one system back into any part of the main
distribution system (usually by siphoning. )
Back Flow Preventer
A device to prevent backflow i.e. into a potable water supply. Usually required
for sprinkler systems, handheld showers, pullout faucet spouts, kitchen
sprayers, etc.
Back Pressure
Pressure that resists the flow of fluid in a piping system.
Backjet
Whirlpool jets located on the fixture wall behind a reclining bather.
Backjet Pulse Canister
A water-controlling device responsible for backjet pulsing action.
Back Vent
Plumbing fixture's separate vent in a building drainage system
Back Wash
The process of cleaning a filter by reversing the flow of water through it.
Accumulated sediments are sent to waste.
Backup
Overflow of a plumbing fixture due to drain stoppage
Backwater Valve
Sewer line valve that prevents sewage from flowing back into the house
Baffle
An object placed in an appliance to change the direction of, or retard the flow
of air, air-gas mixtures, or flue gases
Balancing Valve
A water heater valve that controls water flow and balances heat distribution to
different locations.
Ball Check Valve
A valve that uses a ball to seal against a seat to stop flow in one direction.
Ballcock
Controls the flow of water from the water supply line into a gravity-operated
toilet tank. It is controlled by a float mechanism in the tank water
Barrier-Free
Relating to handicap access, e.g. a shower enclosure system having minimal or no
bottom track and openings that are wheelchair-accessible.
Basket Strainer
Basket-shaped strainer with holes and a slot that fits the sink drain to allow
water to run out but to catch food or other solids before they can enter the
sewage system.
Bidet
A personal hygiene plumbing fixture similar in appearance to a toilet bowl used
for washing genitals and posterior areas of the body. It is mounted on the floor
next to a toilet and consists of a washing basin, a hot and cold faucet, and
sprayer.
Bisque
The rough, unpolished finish found in unglazed areas of vitreous china fixtures,
such as inside the tank or the bottom of the bowl.
Block Sensor Mode
For touch-less faucets, a system mode that occurs when the faucet continually
senses an object, causing the faucet to stop functioning normally. The faucet
will appear to be "OFF", and will self-actuate every two hours to alert you to
its condition.
Blowbag
Also called a "blowfish" it is a drain-cleaning device consisting of a rubber
bladder with a hose fitting one one end and a nozzle on the other. The device
attaches to a water hose and is inserted into a clogged drainpipe. As water is
introduced, it expands to grip the pipe, and releases pulsating bursts of water
through the nozzle, forcing water through the pipe to clear the obstruction.
Boiler
A sealed tank where water is turned to steam for heating or power.
Braided Tubing
A flexible pressure tubing of synthetic material encased in braided threads of
steel, usually chrome plated or stainless. The braiding protects the tube from
damage due to abrasion or crimping. Often used in water supply lines.
Burst Pressure
The internal pressure that will cause piece of tubing to fail
Butterfly Valve
A valve made of a square, rectangular, or round disk attached to a shaft inside
a body of the same shape. Rotating the shaft 90 degrees opens or closes the
valve.
Bypass
A type of shower door system that consists of two or more panels running in
parallel tracks.
Carbonate Hardness
Water hardness due to the presence of calcium and magnesium carbonates and
bicarbonates in water; the smaller of the total hardness and the total
alkalinity.
Carbonizing
In a pump, where a reduction of hydrocarbons results in the formation of carbon
residue that will interfere with the movement of a mechanical seal. Often called
coking.
Casing
A tubular structure intended to be watertight installed in the excavated or
drilled hole to maintain the well opening and to prevent ground water from
entering the well.
Catch Basin
Large underground container, with a grate on the top, for collection of storm
water run-off. It catches or collects dirt and other debris and prevents them
from polluting streams and lakes..
Cavitation
The vacuum created when the discharge capacity of the pump exceeds the
replacement in the suction line. This causes bubbling and vibrations that can
damage the pump if they occur over an extended period.
Centrifugal Pump
A pump that moves water by centrifugal force developed by rapid rotation of an
impeller.. As the rotating impeller whirls the water around, centrifugal force
builds up pressure forcing the water through the discharge outlet.
Chamfer
Beveled end, usually done on pipe prior to threading
Check Valve
A type of backflow preventer installed in a pipe run that allows water to flow
in only one direction.
Cistern
Rainwater storage tank, often underground.
Closet Auger
A flexible rod with a curved end used to access the toilet's built-in trap and
remove clogs.
Coagulant
A material, such as alum, which will form a gelatinous precipitate in water, and
cause the agglomeration of finely divided particles into larger particles which
can then be removed by settling and/or filtration.
Cockhole
Cover A round cover-plate or disk installed on a sink to cover an unused faucet
hole.
Collar
A galvanized sheet metal restricting device used in conjunction with plastic
pipe. Its function is to direct and control the expansion action of the
firestopping material
Combined Sewer
A sewer system that carries both sanitary waste and storm water runoff.
Combustion Gases
Gases released when a gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel reacts at an elevated level
that needs to be vented with gas or oil-fired water heaters.
Commode
Toilet
Common Vent
Building drain system vertical vent which connects two or more fixture branches
on the same level.
Composting Toilet
A self-contained toilet that use the process of aerobic decomposition
(composting) to break down feces into humus and odorless gases
Compression Fitting
A kind of tubing or pipe connection where a nut, and then a sleeve or ferrule is
placed over a copper or plastic tube and is compressed tightly around the tube
as the nut is tightened, forming a positive grip and seal without soldering.
Also a flexible connector that has a nut and gasket designed to attach directly
to an SAE standard compression thread, without the use of a sleeve or ferrule.
Console Lav
table-like fixture with an integral lavatory. The back is fixed to a wall and
the front is supported by brackets or legs.
Consumptive Water Use
Total amount of water used by vegetation, man's activities, and evaporation of
surface water
Corporation Stop
The stop connected to the water main, usually made of brass and can be connected
to the main with a special tool without shutting off the municipal supply.
Culvert
A pipe-like construction of concrete that passes under a road to allow drainage
Cut Lengths
Pipe cut to a specific length as ordered
Deck Mount
Describes a faucet that is mounted on the deck of the bathtub enclosure, rather
than on the rim of the bathtub or on the wall. Also referred to as a Roman spout
faucet. Also known as a sunken tub, the deck-mount tub is usually mounted on a
platform and has no apron or decorative side.
Deep Well
A well more than 25 ft. deep
Degree Rise
The difference between the starting water temperature and the ending temperature
after heating is complete
Deionized Water
Water free of inorganic materials.
Dew Point
Temperature at which water vapor condenses to a liquid.
Diaphragm
Flexible membrane in a valve that deflects down onto a rigid area of the valve
body to regulate water flow from the supply lines. This eliminates the
possibility of debris build-up within the valve.
Diffuser
Device for reducing the velocity and increasing the static pressure of a fluid
passing through a system
Dilution Air
Air that enters a draft hood or draft regulator and mixes with the flue gasses.
Direct Vent
A system that pulls outside air for combustion and vents combustion gases
directly outside without using a chimney.
Discharge Head
Difference in elevation between the liquid level of the discharge tank and the
centerline of the pump. Also includes any additional pressure head that may be
present at the discharge tank fluid surface.
Discharge Tube
Outlet tube that connects a disposer or sump pump to the drain line.
Disposal Field
A series of trenches conveying the effluent from the septic tank laid in such a
manner that the flow will be distributed with reasonable uniformity into natural
soil.
Dishwasher Tailpiece
A flanged adapter connecting a basket strainer to the drainpipe with a
dishwasher inlet.
Diverter
A valves that directs fluid to various outlets. They are used in showers, tubs,
bidets, and sinks.
Draft Diverter
A device fitted in the flue way of a gas appliance to prevent updraft,
downdraft, or the secondary flue blockage from obstructing the escape of
combustion gases.
Drain Seal Gasket
Gasket used to seal a drain to a sink to prevent leaks.
Drainage Tile
Pipe-shaped clay tiles installed in below-grade trenches for gravity-rated
drainage. PVC pipe is now commonly used for this purpose.
Drip Channel
A metal channel that is designed to prevent water running down a shower door
from dripping onto the floor when the door is opened.
Dual Element Heater
An electric water heater with an upper and lower element for heating water.
Duostrainer
Sink drain fitting consisting of a strainer body attached to the drain opening
and a removable basket. Also called a strainer.
Dynamic Pressure
The pressure when the water is flowing.
Earthquake Strap
A metal strap used to secure a water heater to the house frame or foundation.
Eccentric Shank
A shank or the fitting with a shank in which the centerline is offset to allow
minor compensation for supply lines that would be difficult to precisely
position.
Eductor
A device utilizing a nozzle and throat, installed in a stream of water to create
a partial vacuum to draw air or liquid into the stream; commonly used to draw
regeneration chemicals into an ion exchange water treatment system, such a
softener or deionizer.
Ejector
A mechanical device for pumping sewage from below the sewer line.
Electric Resistance Weld Pipe (ERW)
Cold finished pipe made by a series of operations in which the flat rolled
material is cold shaped into tubular form and welded at the seam. The heat for
the weld is generated at the seam by the resistance to the flow of electric
current applied through electrical contacts or an induction coil.
Electrolysis
A process involving chemical change caused by the passage of an electric current
through a liquid.
Elevation
The vertical distance between the level where fluid enters a pipe and the level
where it leaves.
Energy Guide Label
The label required by the FTC on water heaters that show 1) an estimated annual
cost of operation and 2) how that unit's efficiency compares to all other
comparable models.
Expansion Tank
A tank designed to absorb excess pressure due to thermal expansion. (e.g. closed
system)
Extrusion
Refers to the result of forcing molten metal or plastic through a die or mold to
form a specific shape. Commonly refers to shower door components such as jambs
and headers that were created by extrusion.
Facultative Bacteria
Bacteria that can live under aerobic or anaerobic conditions
Fascia
A decorative apron or front face. A wooden enclosure holding the main pump
assembly for whirlpool and master baths.
Faucet Threads
Special thread size for fittings that connect to faucets. A cone seal or gasket
is usually included because straight threads will not have a complete seal
without a gasket.
Feed Pump
A pump that supplies water to a boiler.
Female Fitting
A fitting that receives a pipe or fitting. A fitting into which another fitting
is inserted.
Ferrous
Material containing or derived from iron.
Filtration Rate
The rate at which the water is traveling through the filter, measured as GPM
(gallons per minute) per sq. ft.
Fire Hose Closet
Usually a compartment built into an interior wall, covered by a glass door,
holding a coiled fire hose connected to a water line, ready for immediate use in
case of fire.
Firestop
Materials that fill the opening around penetrating items such as cables, cable
trays, conduits, ducts, and pipes and their means of support through the wall or
floor to prevent spread of fire.
Fixed Cone Valve
A cylinder gate mounted with the axis horizontal. Also known as Howell Bunger
valve.
Fixture
A device that provides a supply of water or its disposal, e.g. sinks, tubs,
toilets.
Flange
Extending rim or edge at one end of a pipe shaft that gives support or a
finished appearance.
Flapper Flush Ball
The moving part of the flush valve that seals the water into the tank or allows
water to exit the tank for the flush cycle. The most common replacement part
used on conventional toilets.
Flaring Tool
Tool used to create a cone-shaped enlargement at the end of a piece of tubing to
accept a flare fitting.
Flexible Connector
A braided hose that connects a faucet or toilet to the water supply stop valve.
Serves as a riser but is much more flexible and easier to install. Usually
stainless steel or PVC/Polyester reinforced hose.
Flocculant
A chemical substance that promotes the aggregation or coagulation of suspended
particles in the water.
Floor Sink
Receptacle usually made of enameled cast iron located at floor level and
connected to a trap to receive the discharge from indirect waste and floor
drainage. Cleaner and more sanitary than regular floor drains. Usually used in
hospitals & restaurants.
Flow Rate
Rated in gallons per minute (GPM) or in gallons per hour (GPH)
Flush-Mount Lavatory
Sink that sits flush and even with the countertop and is supported by a metal
ring.
Flushometer Tank System
Toilet flushing system that uses supply water pressure to compress water to
provide a pressurized flush as opposed to a gravity flush.
Foot Valve
A special type of check valve located at the bottom end of the suction pipe on a
pump; it opens when the pump operates to allow water to enter the suction pipe
but closes when the pump shuts off to prevent water from flowing out.
Freeboard
The vertical distance between a bed of filter media or ion exchange material and
the overflow or collector for backwash water; the height above the bed of
granular media available for bed expansion during backwashing; may be expressed
either as a linear distance or a percentage of bed depth.
French Drain
A covered ditch containing a layer of fitted or loose stone or other pervious
material.
Friction Head Difference
The difference in head required to move a mass of fluid from one position to
another at a certain flow rate within a piping system.
Galvanizing
The process of applying a coating of zinc to the finished product to provide
corrosion protection. The coating can be applied by hot dipping or electrolytic
deposition.
Gasket
Flat device usually made of fiber or rubber used to provide a watertight seal
between metal joints.
Gate Diverter
The pop-up lever on a tub faucet that activates the diverter valve
Gland
In a pump, the part that holds one half of the mechanical seal and attaches to
the stuffing box.
Globe Valve
A gate valve with a curved chamber.
Grains Per Gallon (gpg)
A common basis for reporting water analyses in the United States and Canada; one
grain per U.S. gallon equals 17.12 milligrams per liter (mg/1) or parts per
million (ppm). One grain per British (Imperial) gallon equals 14.3 milligrams
per liter or parts per million.
Gray Water
Waste water from sinks, showers, and bathtubs, but not toilets.
Greensand
A natural mineral, primarily composed of complex silicates, which possesses ion
exchange properties.
Grooved Fitting
A gasketed mechanical pipe fitting made of ductile iron that is clamped onto a
groove in a pipe rather than screwed onto threads. It is mostly used in
commercial applications on pipes larger than 1 1/2" in diameter.
Ground Joint Union
Pipe union that has a brass grounding section between the two halves.
Grounding
Connecting a piece of electrical equipment to a "ground wire" which is connected
to the electrical system ground at the circuit breaker box. This helps to ensure
that the circuit breaker will trip and cut off power in the event of a short
circuit or damage to insulation.
Guide Arm
Valve which controls water flow into the toilet tank.
Hanger
A device used to support pipes.
Hard Water
Natural water containing impurities in various proportions. Traditional hardness
is a measure of calcium or dissolved solids in a solution, measured in parts per
million. Hard water generally ranges from 100 to 250 ppm.
Hardness
The amount of dissolved minerals in water measured in grains per gallon (GPG).
The most common minerals are calcium and magnesium.
Heat Sensors
Heat-triggered devices on sprinkler systems that release the flow of water.
Hermetic
Completely sealed, especially against the escape or entry of air.
Hollow-jet Valve
A valve having a closing member that moves upstream to shut off the flow. The
hollow-jet valve discharges a hollow or annular jet dispersed over a wide area.
Horizontal Branch
Lateral drain pipes that run from plumbing fixtures to the waste stack in a
building or in the soil.
Horizontal Run
The horizontal distance between the point where fluid enters a pipe and the
point at which it leaves.
Hose Bibb
An outdoor faucet, also used to supply washing machines.
House Trap
U-shaped fitting with two adjacent cleanout plugs visible at floor level if main
drain runs under floor.
Hydrostatic Test
Test using non-compressible liquid under pressure at a level equal to or greater
than the maximum pressure that will be utilized when in use, such as in steam
boilers.
Hypochlorite
The OCL anion; calcium and sodium hypochlorite are commonly used as bleaches and
disinfecting agents.
ISO 9000
A series of five standards for developing a total quality management system.
Impeller
Rotating wheel with vanes found inside a centrifugal pump. As it spins at high
speed it draws fluids in and thrusts them under pressure to the discharge
outlet.
Incoming Inlet Temperature
Temperature of water entering the tank.
Indirect Waste Pipe
Waste pipe used to convey gray water by discharging it into a plumbing fixture
such as a floor drain.
Induction Motor
The most common type used in industry. Has a slippage of 2 to 5 percent compared
to synchronous motors.
Influent
The stream entering a unit, stream or process, such as the hard water entering
an ion exchange water softener.
In-line Pump
Small pump which pumps fluid through a line on which it is supported and
mounted.
Input
The amount of fuel used by a water heater in a given period of time, usually 1
hr.
Insert Fittings
Fittings equipped with external, annular rings fir gripping, which are inserted
into flexible rubber or plastic tubing as a connection.
Ion Exchange
A reversible process in which ions are released from an insoluble permanent
material in exchange for other ions in a surrounding solution; the direction of
the exchange depends upon the affinities of the ion exchanger for the ions
present, and the concentrations of the ions in the solution.
Ionization
The process in which atoms gain or lose electrons; sometimes used as synonymous
with dissociation, the separation of molecules into charged ions in solution.
Isolation Mount
The four small rubber feet located beneath a whirlpool's pump base, or attached
to the pulse canister assemblies, designed to reduce noise and vibration when
the whirlpool is running.
Instantaneous Water Heater
A type of water heater that heats water as it flows through a heat exchanger
coil.
Insular
Kohler's registered trade name for factory-installed insulation, which minimizes
condensation on the outside of the tank when exposed to high humidity.
Insuliner
Kohler's Registered trade name for factory-installed tank insulation, which
minimizes condensation on the outside of the tank (also known as tank sweating)
when exposed to high humidity.
Integral Vacuum Breaker
A device typically used in a sink or shower sprayer to keep water from
back-flowing into the fresh water supply.
Isothermal
Action that takes place with no change in temperature.
J Bend
The trap section, with a 180-degree bend, or a multi-piece P-trap. Also called a
return bend.
J Hook
A pipe hanger in the shape of a 'J'.
Jacket
Usually refers to the heating/ cooling jacket surrounding the stuffing box on
some pumps; The outer casing (shell) of a water heater.
Jackson Turbidity Unit
(JTU) A quantitative unit of turbidity originally based on the comparison of a
liquid (such as water) with a suspension of a specify type of silica, using the
turbidity measure in a Jackson Candle Turbidimeter.
Johnni-bolts
Closet bolts, used to mount toilet bowls to the closet flange.
Joint
One length of pipe.
Joint Runner
Collar like device that keeps molten lead in place while sealing a joint in cast
iron pipe.
Junction Box
Utility area where incoming current is connected in an electrical appliance.
Kafer Fitting
Cast iron drainage pipe fitting with threaded-on hub used to attach to existing
cast iron lines
Kilowatt
One thousand watts.
Knockout Plug
PVC test plug
Kollar Kap
Styrofoam forms used to protect floor drains while concrete is being poured
around them.
Laminar Flow
Streamlined flow of a fluid near a solid boundary.
Langelier's Index
A calculated number used to predict whether or not a water will precipitate, be
in equilibrium with, or dissolve calcium carbonate. It is sometimes erroneously
assumed that any water that tends to dissolve calcium carbonate is automatically
corrosive.
Lateral Sewage Line
A sewage line that connects one sewage pipe with another.
Leach Field
Porous soil area, through which septic tank leach lines run, emptying the
treated waste.
Leach Lines
Pipes that carry effluent from the septic system out to the leach field.
Leader Pipe
A pipe that carries rainwater to the ground or sewer.
Lien Waiver
A written document from a contractor or material supplier having lien rights
against an owner's property that relinquishes all or part of those rights.
Limit Stop
Faucet control unit used to adjust maximum water temperature.
Low Consumption Toilet
A class of toilet designed to flush using 1.6 gallons of water or less. Also
known as "Water-saving" toilets.
Macerator
A device installed in a drain line between a toilet and the soil stack to reduce
solids to liquid form.
Magnesium
One of the elements in the earth's crust, the compounds of which when dissolved
in water make the water hard. The presence of magnesium in water is a factor
contributing to the formation of scale and insoluble soap curds.
Main
The primary artery of supply of the water supply or drain system in which all
the branches connect. In the case of drains, known as the Main Vent.
Male Fitting
Fitting that is inserted into another fitting.
Malleable Fittings
Fittings made of cast iron. Metal which is soft and pliable.
Manganese
An element sometimes found dissolved in ground water, usually with dissolved
iron but in lower concentration; causes black stains and other problems similar
to iron. It can be removed by a water softener or it can be precipitated by
chlorine at a pH of 9.5 or above.
Manganese Greensand
Greensand that has been processed to incorporate in its pores and on its surface
the higher oxides of manganese. The product has a mild oxidizing power, and is
often used in the oxidation and precipitation of iron, manganese and/or hydrogen
sulfide, and in their removal from water.
Manifold
A fitting that connects a number of branches to the main; serves as a
distribution point.
Manifolded Installation
Paralleling of water heaters for large hot water demand applications.
Mechanicals
The wiring, plumbing and heating and cooling systems in a building; also the
components with moving parts such as furnaces, plumbing fixtures, etc.
Meter Tailpiece
An adapter connecting a water meter to the water supply line.
Mission Coupling
A neoprene flex coupling, connecting pvc to pvc or clay to pvc.
Mixing Valve
Mixes hot and cold water to achieve a specified delivery temperature.
Moenstone³
A blend of ceramic-like quartz (70%) and acrylic polymer (30%) that is
impervious to chips or water spots.
Monitor Cover
The cast iron lid that fits over a flange casting which is mounted on meter tile
in a water meter pit. It consists of an outer lid, an inner lid, and the flange
casting in one or two pieces.
Multi-Port Valve
Rotary type backwash valve. Can replace up to 6 regular gate valves. Serves
various functions.
Multi-Stage Pump
A pump that has more than one impeller.
Neo Angle Base
A shower base designed to allow the shower to fit into a corner using minimal
floor space while maintaining an elegant look.
Nipple
A short length of pipe installed between couplings or other fittings.
No-Hub Connector
A connector for no-hub iron pipe consisting of a rubber sleeve and a stainless
steel band secured by hose clamps. A variation, a neoprene sleeve with two
adjustable steel bands, is used for connecting dissimilar materials, as when
connecting new plastic pipe to an existing cast-iron drainpipe
Non-CFC Foam
Insulation that minimizes the use of Chlorofluorocarbons.
Non-Ferrous
Not containing iron.
Non-Potable
Not suitable for drinking.
O-Ring
Round rubber washer used to create a watertight seal, chiefly around valve
stems.
One-Piece Toilet
A toilet in which the tank and bowl are manufactured as a single vitreous china
fixture. One-piece toilets usually have a lower profile than two-piece toilets.
Orbital Weld
A circumferential, full fusion weld used to join together two lengths of tubing.
It is a GTAW welding process. Usually to join coiled lengths.
Orifice
An opening through which gas is discharged and whereby the flow of gas is
limited and/or controlled.
Outlet / Discharge
The opening through which the water exits the pump.
Outlet Sewer
Pipe section in a septic system which runs between the septic tank and the
drainage field.
Outside Diameter
The diameter of a pipe measured from the outside edge. (OD)
Overflow Tube
The vertical tube inside a toilet tank that directs water into the bowl in case
the ballcock malfunctions. It is usually part of the flush valve. It prevents
potential water damage caused by a tank overflow. A "constant-running" Peak Hour Demand
Time when the largest demand for hot water is needed.
Perforated Pipe
Pipe designed to discharge water through small, multiple, closely spaced
orifices or nozzles, placed in a segment of its circumference for irrigation
purposes
Petcock
A small faucet for draining liquids or relieving air pressure.
Pin
External (male) threaded end of pipe.
Pipe Dope
Industry term for pipe-joint compound. Substance applied to threaded fittings to
create a watertight seal.
Plug
Male threaded fitting which seals the end run of a pipe when fitted into a
female threaded fitting.
Pivot Door
A shower door that rotates on two metal pivots at the top and bottom of the
door.
Plumber's Helper
A plunger
Plumber's Putty
Pliable putty used to seal joints between drain pieces and fixture surfaces.
Plumbing Tree
Prefabricated set of drain waste, vent, and supply lines.
Positive Displacement Pump
Known as a "PD pump." Gear, sliding vane, progressive cavity, lobe etc. the
capacity determined by the pump speed. The maximum head is determined by the
horsepower available and the casing strength.
Packing
Fibrous material that is used on faucets to prevent leaks.
Parallel System
Two or more identical size heaters piped with water connections, that is, cold
water travels equal distance into the inlets of the heaters from a "T"
connection and hot water travels equal distance from the outlet of the heaters
to a "T" connection.
Peak Hour Demand
Time when the largest demand for hot water is needed.
Peak Load Period
The period of the day in which the system has the greatest demand.
Perforated Pipe
Pipe designed to discharge water through small, multiple, closely spaced
orifices or nozzles, placed in a segment of its circumference for irrigation
purposes
Petcock
A small faucet for draining liquids or relieving air pressure.
Plumber's Helper
A plunger
Plumber's Putty
Pliable putty used to seal joints between drain pieces and fixture surfaces.
Pop-up Assembly
The drain mechanism of a faucet installed on a lavatory. The drain stopper
"pops" up and down.
Pre-Charged Tank
A water storage tank pre-charged with air at factory featuring a vinyl bag
to separate water from air which prevents water-logging. This tank design
provides greater draw-down than standard tanks. Pre-charged tanks do not require
air volume control.
Pressure Reducing Valve
A valve that automatically reduces inlet water pressure to a specified value
at its outlet under static cold water conditions.
Priming Jet
Opening in bowl through which tank-supplied water flows, designed to propel
waste up into the trapway.
Purged Line
A plumbing line in which the faucet has been opened and allowed to run for a
specified length of time, usually1-5 minutes.
Quality & Professionalism
The standards of which Signature Plumbing operate their business.
Rated Storage
Volume Quantity of water stored in a tank.
Raw Water
Water supplied to the plant before any treatment.
Reamer
A grinding tool used to level or remove burrs from valve seats in faucets so
that the valve stem will fit properly.
Recessed Tub
A tub that has a decorative finish on one side only, and surrounded by three
walls. The apron, or skirting, may not be included and must be ordered
separately. The most popular style.
Recirculating Harness
PVC tubing setup that circulates water throughout a whirlpool system,
delivering water to the jets.
Recovery Capacity
The amount of water in gallons per hour raised 100 degrees F at a given
thermal efficiency and BTU per hour input.
Red Water
Water which has a reddish or brownish appearance due to the presence of
precipitated iron and/or iron bacteria.
Reed Switch
A serviceable, magnetic sensing switch that triggers the water flow to stop
when the neck jet pillow (with magnet) is removed from the whirlpool.
Return Circulation System
Tempered water from or near the point of usage which eliminates waste of hot
water used for long runs and adds storage to the system.
Reverse Osmosis
A water treatment method whereby water is forced through a semi permeable
membrane which filters out impurities.
Reverse Trap Water Closet
A water closet having a siphonic trapway at the rear of the bowl, and
integral flushing rim and jet. Min. dimensions are 9" x 8" water spot and 1 ½"
ball pass.
Residual Chlorine
Chlorine Chlorine remaining in treated water after a specified period of
contact time to provide continuing protection throughout a distribution system;
the difference between the total chlorine added, and that consumed by oxidizable
matter.
Roman Spout
Deck-mounted faucet spout.
Roof Drain
Standard shape of the front of a toilet bow, having dimensions of 14" wide
by 16 ½" long from center of seat hinge holes to front outside rim edge.
Running Trap
An in-line trap mounted in a horizontal drainpipe, where the inlet and
outlet are parallel.
Saddle Tee
Fitting that taps into the side of a pipe, used to make quick connection to
an existing line.
Safe Drinking Water Act
An amendment to the
Public Health Service Act, which was passed in
1976 to protect public health by establishing uniform drinking water standards
for the nation. In 1986 SDWA Amendments were passed that mandated the EPA
establish standards for 83 drinking water contaminants by 1992 and identify an
additional 25 contaminants for regulation every 3 years thereafter.
Safety Shutoff Valve
A device on a gas appliance that shuts off the gas supply to prevent a
hazardous situation. A flame safety shutoff operates when the actuating flame
becomes extinguished.
Sag Pipe
A section of a sewer line that is placed deeper in the ground than normal in
order to pass under utility piping, waterways, rail lines, highways, or other
obstacles. The sewer line is raised again after passing under the obstacle.
Sanitary Fitting
Fitting that joins the assorted pipes in a drain, waste, and vent system,
designed to allow solid material to pass through without clogging.
Sediment
The substance that settles on the bottom of a water tank. Also known as
lime.
Self-Rimming Sink
Sink with no metal ring that has a built-in lip of the same material which
supports it in the vanity top.
Sequestering Agent
A chemical compound sometimes fed into water to tie up undesirable ions,
keep them in solution, and reduce their effects. For example, polyphosphate can
sequester hardness and prevent reactions with soap.
Self-Rimming
A style of bathroom sink with a rolled and finished edge.
Serial / Model / Rating Plate
A permanent information plate attached to major home appliances. The plate
includes product model and serial numbers, plus information about wattage or BTU
requirements.
Service Pressure
The range of pressure in the pressure tank during the pumping cycle, usually
expressed in pounds per square inch gauge (P.S.I.G.).
Service Sink
Deep fixed basin, supplied with hot and cold water, which is used for
rinsing of mops, disposal of cleaning water, or washing clothes and other
household items.
Shallow Well
A well with a pumping head of 25 feet or less, permitting use of a suction
pump.
Shower Receptor
A one-piece base (floor) unit used as a shower, for example, to catch water
and direct it to a center drain.
Shutoff Valve
Usually refers to angle stops installed under sinks and toilets, but also
valves installed on branch lines and alongside the meter.
Simplex Basin
An ejector pump container usually 18" x 30" for single family homes. Single
Threshold Type of shower base used in a three wall installation with the
threshold being the side with the door.
Sleeve
Pipe which is passed through a wall for the purpose of inserting another
pipe through it.
Slip Gasket
Elastomer (natural occurring elastic substance) gasket, usable with a hub
and spigot pipe because it has a tapered cross section.
Soft Water
Water that has a low calcium and magnesium content.
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the weight of a specific volume of a substance compared to the
weight of the same volume of pure water at 4
oC.
Specific Heat
Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of a
substance one degree Celsius.
Spline Adapter
Device sometimes required to form a mating connection between the splines of
a valve stem and the splines inside a faucet handle.
Spud
A threaded opening on the water heater tank. Also a tool for digging having
characteristics of a shade and chisel.
Stand Pipe
Open vertical pipe that receives water from a washing machine. Also the
vertical pipe run supplying water to a fire sprinkler system; also large
vertical pipe into which water is pumped in order to produce a desired pressure;
a high vertical pipe or reservoir that is used to secure a uniform pressure in a
water-supply system
Stop and Drain Fitting
Plug-type valve used to tap into a water main to control the flow to a
branch line, which has a side opening to shut off the water and allow it to
drain out so the pipe won't freeze.
Storm Drain
Drain used to receive and convey rain water, surface water, and ground water
away from buildings.
Straight Pipe Threads
A special kind of straight thread used only on iron pipe, toilet, and faucet
fittings. A cone seal or gasket is usually included because straight threads
will not form a complete seal without a gasket of some kind.
Stub-Out
Short lengths of pipe installed during rough-in to which fixtures and drains
will eventually be installed.
Swing Joint
A flexible sprinkler connection made by connecting three threaded elbows
fittings together.
Tail Pipe
The pipe added below the jet assembly, in a weak well application.
Tank Fixture
A reservoir for flush water. On a conventional toilet, the ballcock, flush
valve, and trip lever are installed in the tank. A tank lid closes the top tank
opening.
Tank-less Water Heater
Instantaneous water heater.
Teflon Tape
A fluorocarbon polymer with non-sticking properties used to wrap pipe
threads to seal a joint.
Tempering Valve
An in-line hot / cold mixing valve.
Thermal Efficiency
Ability to transfer and absorb heat from fuel sources into the water.
Thermostatic Valve
Pressure-balancing shower mixing valve with automatic temperature control.
When temperature or pressure fluctuations occur at the water inlets, a thermal
actuator adjusts the hot and cold ratio to maintain the original temperature
setting.
Throat-Plate
The underside portion of some faucet spouts which also use a top shroud to
cover an assembled faucet waterway. The throat-plate is only visible when viewed
from a very low angle.
Touchless Faucet
Commercially installed faucet or urinal valve that function using infrared
sensor system.
Trap
Curved section of drain line that prevents sewer odors from escaping into
the atmosphere. All fixtures that have drains must have a "P" trap installed. A
toilet is the only plumbing fixture with an "S" trap.
Trap Drain
A flex adapter to connect 1 ¼" to 1 ½" drain pipe Trap Primer A small feeder
line connecting the cold water line directly to the drainage trap, which
releases a small amount of water to the trap should it run dry to maintain the
water seal.
Turbulent Flow
Fluid flow in which the velocity at a given point varies erratically in
magnitude and direction. Turbidity Water cloudiness caused by suspended
particles.
Type "M" Tube
An industry standard for copper tubing defined by the tube wall thickness
and identified by a "red" stripe Tyseal Gasket Gasket for joining SV cast iron
pipe into a hub.
Uni-flex
One piece stop and riser combination. One-piece supply.
Uniformity Coefficient
A measure of the variation in particle sizes of ion exchange resins and
filter media. It is defined as the ratio of the size of particle that has 60
percent of the material finer than itself, to the size of the particle that has
10 percent finer than itself.
Union
Three piece fitting that joins two sections of pipe, but allows them to be
disconnected without cutting the pipe. Used primarily with steel pipe; never in
a DWV system.
Universal Plumbing Code
A system of procedures designed to provide consumers with safe and sanitary
plumbing systems and used throughout the United States by local jurisdictions.
Urinal
A plumbing fixture which receives only liquid body waste and conveys the
waste through a trap seal into a gravity drainage system.
Urinal Strainers
Refers to a domed metal piece fastened to the bottom of an urinal to prevent
debris from plugging the trapway of the unit.
Usable Storage
Percentage of hot water that can be drawn from a tank before the temperature
drops to a point that it is no longer considered hot.
Utility Sink
Deep fixed basin, supplied with hot and cold water, which is used for
rinsing of mops, disposal of cleaning water.
V-clip
A clip shaped like the letter "V" used on a lavatory drain lift linkage
assembly to easily adjust connection of the drain to the lift rod.
Vacuum Breaker
An anti-siphon device that prevents the backflow of contaminated water into
the water supply system.
Valve
A device that regulates the flow of fluid.
Valve Dressing
Resurfacing a worn valve seat with a special tool. Stops leaks by providing
a smooth sealing surface. Applies only to older compression style faucets.
Vanity
A bathroom storage cabinet under the wash basin.
Velocity Head
The amount of energy required to accelerate water to a given velocity;
expressed in feet per head.
Vent
A pipe that allows air into a drain system to balance the air pressure,
preventing water in the traps from being siphoned off.
Venturi
A short tube with a tapered constriction in the middle that causes an
increase in the velocity of flow of a fluid and a corresponding decrease in
fluid pressure and that is used for creating a suction in a vacuum pump.
Viscosity
The resistance of fluids to flow, due to internal forces and friction
between molecules, which increases as its temperature decreases.
Vitreous Surface
Material on some plumbing fixtures derived from or consisting of glass,
translucent, and low on porosity.
Volatile
Capable of vaporization at a relatively low temperature.
Volumetric
Refers to measurement by volume rather than weight.
Volute Casing
Derives is name from a spiral shaped casing surrounding the pump impeller.
It converts velocity energy to pressure energy.
Voral Tube
Flexible steel hose used for hand-held shower sprays.
Wash-Down Water Closet
Water closet having a siphon trapway at the front of the bowl, and integral
flushing rim.
Waste Arm Drain
An extension pipe, usually to extend a sink drain into a wall.
Waste & Overflow Drain
An assembly for a bathtub. The outlet at the top removes the overflow water
during tub filling and the drain at the bottom removes wastewater when the tub
is drained.
Water Hammer
A loud banging noise caused by the hydraulic shock of suddenly shutting off
a water supply, where water moves against the side of containing pipe or vessel.
Water Horse Power (WHP)
The calculated horse power produced by the pump using the formula WHP = head
x gpm/3960.
Water Spot
Water surface in the toilet bowl once the flush is completed.
Water Table
Level below the earth's surface at which the ground becomes saturated with
water.
Well Casing
A steel or plastic pipe inserted into a drilled well to prevent dirt and
debris from contaminating the water.
Wellpoint
A pipe fitted with a driving point and a fine mesh screen used to remove
underground water. A complete set of equipment for drying up ground including
wellpoints, connecting pipes and pumps.
Wet Vent
Drain or waste pipe that also acts for one or more fixtures on the same
line.
Whirlpool Tub
A bathtub with circulation jets in various spots throughout the tub that
provide therapeutic massaging action.
Widespread
A style of bathroom lavatory faucet having separate spout and handles,
usually 8" from center of handle to handle.
Working Pressure
Maximum pressure of the operating system permissible.
Working Water
Water used in a home for most general purposes including bathing and
laundering.
Wrought Copper Fittings
Plumbing fittings used to connect copper tubes made of mechanically worked
and toughened copper as opposed to an as-cast brittle copper.
Wye
A Y-shaped fitting with three openings used to create branch lines. Allows
one pipe to be joined to another at a 45 degree angle.
Yoke
Usually a brass casting that holds both the hot and cold valves and the
mixing chamber for the water. May also refer to an assembly of copper or other
metal which serves the same function.
Yoke Vent
A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack to a vent stack for the
purpose of preventing pressure changes in the stacks.
Zeolite
A group of hydrated sodium aluminosilicates, either natural or synthetic,
with ion exchange properties.
Zone of Aeration
The layer in the ground above the water table where the available voids are
filled with air. Water falling on the ground percolates through this zone on its
way to the aquifer.
Zone of Saturation
The layer in the ground in which all of the available voids are filled with
water.